Sources and methodology
Last updated: 17 October 2026
ButtMaxx gives general nutrition and training guidance for healthy adults. This page explains how each number is calculated and links the published work it rests on. None of it is medical advice: if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a history of disordered eating, kidney disease or any other condition, or take medication that affects appetite or weight, talk to a doctor or registered dietitian before following any target in the app.
1. Daily calories
Your resting energy is estimated with the Mifflin-St Jeor equation from your weight, height, age and sex, then multiplied by an activity factor (1.2 sedentary, 1.375 light, 1.55 moderate, 1.725 very active) for your day-to-day activity outside workouts. The result is never set below your resting energy or below 1,400 kcal.
• Mifflin MD et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr, 1990. PubMed
• FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. Human energy requirements: physical activity levels. 2004. Report
2. Goal adjustment
Grow adds a small surplus of about 250 kcal a day, Strong about 150 kcal, Sculpt stays at maintenance, and Lean uses a moderate deficit of about 300 kcal with higher protein so muscle is kept while fat is lost. For beginners with a body mass index of 27 or above, the surplus is deferred: new lifters build muscle at maintenance in their first months, so the app waits before adding calories.
• Slater GJ et al. Is an energy surplus required to maximize skeletal muscle hypertrophy associated with resistance training? Frontiers in Nutrition, 2019. DOI
• Helms ER et al. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2014. PubMed
3. Protein
The daily protein target is 1.8 g per kg of body weight (2.0 g/kg on the Lean goal and when a surplus is deferred), kept inside 1.6 to 2.2 g/kg. Meal hints point at 25 g or more per meal, since spreading protein over three or four meals of roughly 0.4 g/kg supports muscle growth better than one large serving; the daily total still matters most.
• Morton RW et al. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. Br J Sports Med, 2018. PubMed
• Jäger R et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017. Article
• Schoenfeld BJ, Aragon AA. How much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle-building? J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2018. PubMed
4. Fat, carbohydrates and fiber
Fat is set at 28 percent of calories, inside the 20 to 35 percent range recommended for adults. Carbohydrates fill the remaining calories, never below 80 g a day. The fiber target is 14 g per 1,000 kcal.
• U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. dietaryguidelines.gov
5. Sugar and sodium
The sugar cap is 10 percent of calories, the World Health Organization's limit for free sugars. For sodium the app uses a soft ceiling of 3,000 mg a day, above the 2,000 mg (WHO) and 2,300 mg (Dietary Guidelines) general-population limits, because women who train several times a week lose sodium in sweat. It is a nudge, not a medical limit: anyone with high blood pressure or a kidney or heart condition should follow their doctor's figure instead.
• World Health Organization. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. 2015. WHO
• World Health Organization. Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. 2012. WHO
• Baker LB. Sweating rate and sweat sodium concentration in athletes. Sports Med, 2017. PubMed
6. Food processing
Foods are grouped as whole, processed or ultra-processed following the NOVA classification, using the Open Food Facts NOVA group where one exists and the AI estimate otherwise.
• Monteiro CA et al. Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr, 2019. PubMed
7. The Health Score
The daily Health Score is ButtMaxx's own index, built from the targets above. A day starts at 100 and loses points for protein below 90 percent of target, fiber below 70 percent, calories more than 5 percent over, sugar or sodium over their caps, and for the share of ultra-processed and processed food. 85 and above reads as an elite day, 70 to 84 as solid. It is a habit tracker, not a validated clinical measure, and it only scores what you log.
8. What the coach may suggest
The in-app coach follows the same protein and calorie rules. It may mention creatine monohydrate at 3 to 5 g a day as a well-studied extra, and 7 to 9 hours of sleep for recovery. It gives no other supplement doses and no medical advice. In the weekly check-in it reads one week of weight change as noisy, and explains that a small gain while training and eating near target usually reflects new muscle and the water and glycogen it stores, not fat.
• Kreider RB et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2017. PubMed
• Hirshkowitz M et al. National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations. Sleep Health, 2015. PubMed
9. The training plan
Sessions put compound lifts first, progress load only after every set hits its target, keep 2 to 3 minutes of rest on compounds, aim for 10 to 20 hard sets a week per muscle, and leave at least a day between heavy glute sessions. Every plan trains the glutes 2 to 4 times a week, since training a muscle at least twice a week builds more of it than once. Sessions open with a lighter warm-up set before the first heavy lift, and every fifth week is a lighter deload week. When you report still being sore, heavy compound lifts start about 12.5 percent lighter that day, and after two sore sessions in a row exercises with more than two sets drop one. Two sessions in a row with missed reps bring the weight about 10 percent lower. All of this follows the progression and recovery advice of the ACSM position stand below.
• Schoenfeld BJ et al. Effects of resistance training frequency on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med, 2016. PubMed
• American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009. PubMed
• Schoenfeld BJ et al. Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass. J Sports Sci, 2017. PubMed
• Schoenfeld BJ et al. Longer interset rest periods enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res, 2016. PubMed
• Contreras B et al. A comparison of gluteus maximus, biceps femoris and vastus lateralis EMG activity in the back squat and barbell hip thrust. J Appl Biomech, 2015. PubMed
10. Guided versus self-directed training
The comparison shown at the start of the app comes from a randomized study in 124 untrained young men who followed the same 11-week program, one group with one coach per 5 people and one with one coach per 25: bench press strength rose about 16 percent with closer coaching against about 10 percent with less, and only the closely coached group gained significant knee-extensor strength. A 2023 study in trained men and women found the same direction: supervised training produced more muscle growth and better adherence than the same program done unsupervised. ButtMaxx guides each set (load, reps, rest and form cues) to bring that structure to training on your own; it is not a personal trainer, and results vary.
• Gentil P, Bottaro M. Influence of supervision ratio on muscle adaptations to resistance training in nontrained subjects. J Strength Cond Res, 2010. PubMed
• Coleman M et al. Supervision during resistance training positively influences muscular adaptations in resistance-trained individuals. J Sports Sci, 2023. PubMed
11. Calories burned in a session
The calories shown after a workout are an estimate: 4.5 MET for time spent lifting and 1.8 MET for rest between sets, multiplied by your body weight and the time spent, following the standard MET method. It is a motivator, not a measurement, and is not added to your daily food target.
• Ainsworth BE et al. 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2011. PubMed
12. Questions
Spotted an error, or a newer study? Email info@buttmaxx.app. The app's health and safety terms are in the Terms of Service, section 8.

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